The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens

You ever wish there was a step-by-step guide to life? Something that can help you improve your self-image, build friendships, and most importantly achieve your goals? In The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens, it guides you to live up to your potential by inspiring and motivating you with positive strategies. In addition, this book is filled with quotes and stories about real people in real scenarios, making this relatable to any age group facing difficult situations. â€Å"Look at this as an opportunity to grow† (Covey 57). I have always been a huge procrastinator.I would put off my schoolwork until the last minute and then cram it all the night before. And to top that off I was also a Yes-man so I would worry about my friends’ work rather than my own. Definitely not a good combination. You can obviously notice the lack of performance I showed, especially in my grades. I went from being a straight â€Å"A† student, to a â€Å"B and C† average. I didn†™t pay much attention to it though because everyone else had the same problem as well. I was surrounded by procrastinators, leading me to think that what I was doing was acceptable.It was not until I started to read The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens that I noticed my bad habit. I didn’t even consider it a habit until I read a part in the book and realized that it sounded so familiar. Like if they had used my own personal experience and wrote it down word by word. I never really put any thought to how a simple thing can cause such an effect to me, and not just in my school life, but also my personal life. It was that moment when I promised myself to change. Change into a better me because I am capable of better. I am capable of being a Prioritizer, instead of a Procrastinator.I am capable of living a healthy and balanced life. I am capable of achieving my lifetime goals and continuously live up to my full potential. But how can I make a change? Where do I even begin? Wh en my teacher introduced me to this book, I had finally found the solution to my problems. Because unlike any other book, this book feels like it speaks directly to me. Like if it was my very own personal mentor, but even better because it’s in the comfort of my own hands. It not only pointed out my flaws, but also suggested various forms of how I can make a change. I am habit† (Covey 1). Little by little, I was slowly improving my way of life. I highly recommend everyone to read this book, even if you feel that you’re perfectly fine. Just read it and if you can relate to any of the stories used in the book, then you know that you have to fix something in your life. Take it as a blessing. â€Å"These problems are real, and you can’t turn off real life. So I won’t. Instead, I’ll give you a set of tools to help you deal with real life. What are they? The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens† (Covey 5).

Functional areas in Tesco and Oxfam Essay

1. Introduction In this report I am going to compare functional areas of two contrasting organisations Tesco and Oxfam. Tesco is aiming at achieving profit, investing and offerring services and products to customers.Oxfam is a non-profit organisation, helping people in crisis. Tesco is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer, it has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the grocery market leader in UK, where it has a market share of around 30%. Oxfam is an international confederation of 17 organisations working in 90 countries worldwide to find solutions to poverty and related injustice around the world. It helps to provide training, education and financial aid to people in developing countries and disaster areas. 2. Functional areas in organisations Functional area is a person, area or department which carries out a particular business function, for example, Administration, Customer Service, Distribution, Finance, Human Resources, ICT, Marketing, Sales, Production or Research and development. The main purpose of having functional areas in business is ensuring that all important activities are carried out efficiently and accurately. This is important if the business wants to achieve its aims and objectives; specific areas will be responsible for supporting specific types of aims and objectives, for example, sales and marketing will be involved in developing new markets or increasing sales, finance would be monitoring and keeping costs low to improve profitability. 2.1.Functional areas of Tesco The main activities of Finance department are: †¢recording all the business transactions (expences and incomings) †¢measuring the financial performance of Tesco (how well or badly Tesco is doing financially) †¢controlling the finances and cash flow so the company  stays reliable (ensuring that there is enough money to pay off debts, bills, employees, as well as invest in new developments to gain more profit) †¢taking timely financial decisions by comparing the predicted performance with actual performance (they would do this by comparing the financial situation from previous years with todays situation) Human resources: †¢recruiting, selecting, training and developing new staff †¢keeping all records they have in their possesion confidential (obligation to stand by Data Protection Act) †¢they look after an emploee whilst they work in the company (training, development and promotion) Marketing: †¢Marketing Research – collecting data from surveys and questionnaires, preparing presentations informing about new developments †¢Customer Care and Services – deals with complaints and problems they have, evaluating service, revieving competitors, recommending improvements †¢Sales Promotion and Advertising – making sure that promotions are clear and understandable for customers Production: †¢responsible for making services that are provided by Tesco (offices, vehicles, retailing products) †¢responsible for delivering the products to customers †¢ensuring that there is enough stock available ( that is supported by new technology, for example EPOS system, which will automatically re-order if Tesco is out-of-stock) Administration department: †¢creates an ordered way of working which enables the busines to function smoothly †¢brings together the various parts of the business so they can all work towards achieving the same goals †¢ensures good communication between the management and workers †¢all the methods and procedures should be written down in case staff is beeing changed †¢proper procedures for controlling and monitoring work – high level of supervision and  well-motivated staff 2.2. Functional areas of Oxfam The Global Ambassadors have been campaigning around the world on behalf of Oxfam. They propagate the knowledge about the issues like, for example, climate change, conflict resolution, women’s rights, international arms trade treaty, and others. Among the Oxfams Global Abassadors are for example: †¢Annie Lennox – she lent her support as the voice for TV adverts for the campaign following the 2012 earthquake in Haiti, she also works hard on AIDS and women’s issues, she also set up „The Circle† – a group of influential women who come together to connect with women living in poverty around the world, †¢Coldplay, they donated acoustic version of theuir song for a new Oxfam campaign video, perform concerts for Oxfam, drawn enormous attention to the Make Trade Fair campaign ( supports poor people affected by unfair trade rules), †¢Colin Firth, his work ia wide-ranging, he has helped highlight issues, speaks to the media and wright articles, hosts fundraising events in USA and Italy, †¢Helen Mirren supports Control Arms campaign, travelled to South Africa to meet victims of domestic violenceand firearms crimes and Uganda to highlight the civil war there and push for peaceful solution, †¢Scarlett Johansson, she is a part of „We Can† campaign, which aims to break down attitudes that support violence against women, she also supports GROW campaign (fighting world hunger) and Haiti Earthquake Appeal, also designed a handbag for Mango on behalf of Oxfam to raise money for the appeal. Executive Director Winnie Byanyima appointed in May 2013) provides strategic guidance, support, expertise and coordination across the global organisation. Through its 17 affiliates , oxfam works with people in over 90 countries to provide humanitarian relief in crisis, empower poor and marginalised people to gain social and economic equality. Working with thousands of local partner organisations, Oxfam International works with people living in poverty striving to exercise their human rights and take control of their lives. They focus their efforts in these areas: †¢Development – they work with and through partners and communities on long-term programmes to eradicate poverty and combat justice †¢Emergencies –  deliver immediate life-saving assistance to people affected by natural disasters or conflict †¢Campaigning – raise public awerness of the causes of poverty and encourage ordinary people to take action †¢Advocacy – press decision-makers to change policies and practices that reinforse poverty and injustice †¢Policy research – speak with authority as a result of research and analysis, and the real experience of the partners in developing countries Oxfam GB (one of the affiliates of Oxfam International) has a wide range of policy, programme and research staff, whose shared expertise ranges from public health engineering to lobbying international institusions for change: †¢Oxfams Advocacy advisers work to change public policies and practices in ways that will have a positive impacton poor people’s lives. Advocacy can take place at a variety of levels from local communities through to international institutions, and include the variety of methods including lobbying, media work, popular campaigning and changing public attitudes †¢Oxfam’s humanitarian personnel are responsible for a wide range of activities, including advising Oxfam’s international regions on humanitarian response, building regional capacity to respond to emergencies, leading programme development work on key areas such as WASH, public health, food security, HIV and AIDS, protection, gender, and preparedness. They also deliver advocacy on humanitarian issues in developed countries and provide security management advice †¢Programme Implementation – Oxfam’s country and regional staff work with the programme policy advisers to implement our programmes in more than sixty countries. Programme staff work with local partners to develop, implement and evaluate a variety of initiatives, offering a range of support through training and capacity-building, networking with other similar organisations, and financial support †¢Programme Policy – Oxfam’s collective wealth of expertise and knowledge includes development professionals, who provide global advisory support to Oxfam’s large number of projects and programmes across more than sixty countries.Programme policy advisers assist in improving the coherence, quality, and impact of Oxfam’s programmes and ensure that we learn from good and innovative work through facilitating programme-focused learning processes and resources †¢Research enables Oxfam to look ahead and plan strategically for a fast-changing context. It sharpens and underpins the credibility of Oxfam’s campaigns and helps us design, monitor and assess the  impact of our country-level programmes.Oxfam’s global researchers lead on researching and writing policy papers and campaign reports, keep abreast of new ideas that may feed into future policies or advocacy work or shape our programme thinking, and build Oxfam’s research capacity and quality †¢Oxfam’s Senior Management staff are responsible for ensuring the quality, effectiveness, and accountability of Oxfam’s portfolio of humanitarian, development, and campaigning work around the world Volunteers play a key role in helping Oxfam achieve its missions to reduce poverty and injustice around the world, they work throughout all the departments, they fulfill the variety of roles and tasks and they are significant part of every non-profit organisation. 3 Conclusion Despite many differences in functioning between Tesco and Oxfam (where Tesco works for profit and Oxfam is non-profit organisation) there are certain similar areas that ensure that organisation’s activities and tasks are completed properly. This is important for the business if its going to achieve its aims and objectives. So both of the organisations have: †¢IT staff, who deal with website, hardware and software problems, security and confidentiality issues, they are linked with HR department and Administration as most of the communication and storing data happens electronically †¢Marketing and Research who identifies and tries to meet customer needs, works on new solutions and developments †¢Sales team is responsible for direct contact with customers, they also are linked with Marketing and all kinds of advertising †¢Finance department looks at income and outgoings of the business, as well as fundraising and collecting money for various campaigns Tesco’s area is retail and maximasing profit, gaining new customers and keeping the existing ones, so the structure is streamlined and compact. Oxfam’s activities are much more varied, from gaining income from charity shops, concerts and events, through legal work that advocats do to change regulations, to hands on material help and organising rescue for people affected by natural disasters.

A Hardbound God in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit

A Hardbound God in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit A woman climbs into the pulpit and begins to preach. Her words are persuasive and moving, and many believe that she speaks from the Spirit. She is a woman of faith who longs to fulfill her mother’s desire for her to become a missionary. She is smart and she is pious. And according to her congregation, she is an abomination. This gifted preacher is Jeanette, the protagonist in Jeanette Winterson’s â€Å"quirky, unconventional, and often comic† novel Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (Merriam-Webster 1207). As was Winterson herself, the book’s protagonist is raised in a climate of religious fanaticism. Her family’s DEEDS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT tablecloth is only one indication of its unswerving devotion to biblical fundamentalism. But just as the word Bible means not â€Å"a book,† but â€Å"a collection of books,† so Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit is not a story but a collection of stories. Ranging from the wry to the fanciful, these related anecdotes tell the tale not only of Jeanette’s life, but also a tale about storytelling itself. Through the postmodern use of story frames, Winterson both constructs and deconstructs her own narrative, and in doing so, she builds Jeanette an escape hatch from the snares of religious zealotry. Oranges is a book brimming with religious symbolism. Most obviously, the chapters are built on a biblical armature, each named for a book of the Bible. In the first chapter, Genesis, Jeanette tells of her Messiah-style birth: Her mother, not wanting to conceive a child in the typical fashion, â€Å"followed a star until it came to settle above an orphanage, and in that place was a crib, and in that crib, a child. A child with too much hair† (Winterson 10). But there the symbolism only begins. Jeanette says that her mother â€Å"took the child away for seven days and seven nights† (Winterson 10). The phrase echoes a biblical passage—â€Å"So they sat down with [Job] upon the ground for seven days and seven nights† (Job 2:13)—and includes the symbolic number seven, the number of â€Å"completion and perfection† (Ferguson 154). The mystical nature of the number is of ancient origin (Sahibzada) and also occurs elsewhere in the novel, as when Past or Finch ask the young Jeanette how old she is and she replies, â€Å"Seven† (Winterson 11). â€Å"Ah, seven,† he says. â€Å"How blessed, the seven days of creation, the seven-branched candlestick, the seven seals† (Winterson 11). But also how cursed, he thunders, because â€Å"the demon can return SEVENFOLD† (Winterson 12). And indeed it does return sevenfold, according to the pastor, when Jeanette is revealed for the second time to be a lesbian (Winterson 131). At the same moment, â€Å"seven ripe oranges† appear on the windowsill (Winterson 131). Seven is also, incidentally, the number of the gifts of the Holy Spirit, of the deadly sins, and of the cardinal virtues. Some of the novel’s biblical allusions are more direct, like the amusing reference to Elsie’s three mice in a fiery cage as Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Winterson 31)—three figures from the book of Daniel—and the same reference to name to the sorcerer’s three ravens (Winterson 145). But some of the book’s biblical allusions are more subtle: â€Å"And so, being sensible, the collector of curios will surround himself with dead things, and think about the past when it lived and moved and had being† (Winterson 95). The reference is to Acts: â€Å"For in him we live, and move, and have our being† (Acts 17:28). This weaving of religious words and symbols into her novel is no doubt a byproduct of Winterson’s evangelical upbringing. Her parents belonged to the Pentecostal denomination, one that believes that the Bible is literally true in all things—that it is â€Å"inerrant† (United Pentecostal Church International). In declaring the Bible inerrant, the church makes it a substitute for God—a form of idolatry called â€Å"bibliolatry† (Gomes 36). As John Shelby Spong says in his book Rescuing the Bible from Fundamentalism, this is a comforting belief: Those whose religious security is rooted in a literal Bible do not want that security disturbed. They are not happy when facts challenge their biblical understanding or when nuances in the text are introduced or when they are forced to deal with either contradictions or changing insights. The Bible, as they understand it, shares in the permanence and certainty of God, convinces them that they are right, and jus tifies the enormous fear and even negativity that lie so close to the surface in fundamentalistic religion. For biblical literalists, there is always an enemy to be defeated in mortal combat† (Spong 3). When Jeanette’s lesbian love affair with Melanie comes to light at church, Jeanette becomes an adversary in this mortal combat. Even as recently as 1977, the Pentecostal Church declared that it disapproved of â€Å"liberal groups within Christianity who are accepting ‘the so-called gay-rights movement as a legitimate lifestyle† and condemned homosexuality as â€Å"vile, unnatural, unseemly and an abomination in the sight of God† (ReligiousTolerance.org). The denomination’s words here are taken from Paul’s epistle to the Romans (Romans 1:26-27). Peter Gomes, the chaplain at Harvard College, explains views like this one in terms of fear. Fear is â€Å"at the heart of homophobia, as it was at the heart of racism,† and religion is â€Å"a moral fig leaf that [covers] naked prejudice† (Gomes 166). Gomes adds that â€Å"no credible case against homosexuality or homosexuals can be made from the Bible unless one chooses to read scriptur e in a way that simply sustains the existing prejudice against homosexuality and homosexuals. The combination of ignorance and prejudice under the guise of morality makes the religious community, and its abuse of scripture in this regard, itself morally culpable† (Gomes 147). Jeanette’s congregation responds to news of her ongoing homosexuality by rethinking her role in the church overall and prohibiting her from having â€Å"influential contact† with the other parishioners (Winterson 134). Here again, they use the Bible to support an existing prejudice: â€Å"The real problem, it seemed, was going against the teaching of St. Paul, and allowing women power in the church† (Winterson 133). The Bible does say, after all, that â€Å"it is shameful for a woman to speak in church† (1 Corinthians 14:35). Jeanette’s mother is no doubt thinking of this verse and others like it when she stands up in church and says that â€Å"the message belonged to the men† (Winterson 133). It would seem to be an occasion of moral clarity, one that would appeal to Jeanette’s mother, who â€Å"had never heard of mixed feelings. There were friends and there were enemies† (Winterson 3). And Jeanette had become the enemy. Convinced that it is possible to love another woman and God at the same time, Jeanette ultimately responds by leaving the congregation and setting out on her own. But Jeanette the character is also Jeanette the author: Winterson’s book is largely autobiographical. The author Jeanette writes a book that questions the very act of storytelling. Its postmodern conceit includes frames not only from her own life but also from the Arthurian legend and other apocryphal tales. By including these fanciful elements in her narrative, Winterson deconstructs the storytelling process and shows the hazard of believing in the inerrancy of any book. Her approach is not unlike that of Toni Morrison’s in The Bluest Eye. Morrison deconstructs the traditional â€Å"Dick and Jane† children’s story to show that it simply doesn’t apply to African-Americans (Morrison). But Winterson’s deconstruction effort extends to the Bible itself. As Spong says, â€Å"We need to be reminded that even in this modern world with its technological genius, there is still no such thing as ‘objective’ history† (Spong 37). By writing a postmodern book on a biblical armature, Winterson seems to say that the Bible itself is open to interpretation. Like her life story, the Bible is a narrative that should not be taken too literally. In doing so, Winterson exposes the gray areas of which her mother seems to be so fearful. â€Å"A major function of fundamentalist religion is to bolster deeply insecure and fearful people,† Spong says (Spong 5). But despite her ongoing religious fervor, Jeanette’s mother appears to have softened her position on her daughter’s lesbianism when Jeanette returns home at the end of the story. And Jeanette might well be grateful that being a lesbian has caused her to reexamine the fundamentalist faith she inherited from her mother: By running afoul of her Church’s Christian teaching, she rejects judgment over charity, and in the process becomes more Christian herself. A stanza from an old hymn captures this progressive notion: New occasions teach new duties, Time makes ancient good uncouth; They must upward still and onward Who would keep abreast of truth. James Russell Lowell, 1845 As Oranges comes to a close, the biblical naming of the book’s chapters is at its most poignant. Consider the familiar â€Å"Song of Ruth†: Whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God† (Ruth 1:16) This text, sung at so many heterosexual weddings, is a biblical song that—although few realize it—is sung by one woman to another woman. No longer wanting to pursue a traditional heterosexual marriage, Ruth says these words and persuades Naomi that they should be together. In calling this final chapter Ruth, Winterson sheds new light on the notion of biblical literalism. Jeanette’s mother had hoped her daughter would become a missionary, and so she does—a missionary for understanding. WORKS CITED Gomes, Peter J. The Good Book: Reading the Bible with Mind and Heart. New York: Wiliam Morrow and Company, Inc., 1996. Merriam-Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Wester, Inc., 1995. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Plume, 1994. ReligiousTolerance.org. â€Å"Homosexuality and the Pentecostal Movement.† www.religioustolerance.org/hom_upci.htm. Accessed May 8, 2003. Sahibzada, Mahnaz. â€Å"The Symbolism of the Number Seven in Islamic Culture and Rituals.† www.wadsworth.com/religion_d/special_features/ symbols/islamic.html. Accessed May 8, 2003. Spong, John Shelby. Rescuing the Bible From Fundamentalism: A Bishop Rethinks the Meaning of Scripture. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1991. United Pentecostal Church International. www.upci.org. Accessed May 8, 2003.

Latin Christian and Russian Orthodox Traditions Term Paper

Latin Christian and Russian Orthodox Traditions - Term Paper Example Rivalry between the Roman popes and the patriarchs of Constantinople for leadership in the Christian world initiated the split of the Christian Church.  Ã‚  The Latin Christian church was formed finally in 1054. Historically, Orthodoxy presents the eastern branch of Christianity.  It is distributed mainly in Eastern Europe, Middle East and the Balkans.  First, the name "Orthodox" (from Greek) appeared in II century.  Ã‚  The Orthodox Christianity did not have a single church center. Ecclesiastical power was concentrated in the hands of four patriarchs.  With the collapse of the Byzantine Empire, each of the patriarchs headed an independent (autocephalous) Orthodox Church. Prince of Kiev, Vladimir Svyatoslavovych, established Orthodoxy as a state religion in Russia.  On his orders, Byzantine clergy baptized people in the capital of Ancient Russia, Kiev, in 988. Both Christian communities accept the basic Christian doctrine and sacramental. Religious life includes magnifice nt church services, the worship of many saints and holy relics.  The confession of the Trinity: Father, Son and Holy Spirit, and the worship of Christ, the Savior, who suffered, died, resurrected from the dead and ascended into heaven is the gospel truth for any believer of the Christian communities. It is the same regarding the acceptance of the doctrines, such as: Mary is the Mother of God  as Christ is God incarnate; the Bible is the inspired word of God; the Holy Spirit dwells in the Church and guides it through the ages; Mary, being Mother of God, is the greatest of the saints. Both Churches profess seven sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation/ Chrismation, Eucharist, Holy Orders, Matrimony, Anointing of the Sick. Nevertheless, along with similarities, there are some differences in the main creeds, cults, and organization of the Latin and the Orthodox Christian Churches. The most significant differences are that the Latin Christians  accept the Bishop of Rome as the spiritual leader of the Church, while the  Orthodox  look to the Patriarch of Constantinople, but only as "First Among Equals" rather than as a pope. The Latin Church  holds that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both Father and Son whilst  Orthodoxy teaches that the Spirit proceeds only from the Father.  Latin Christians  state that Mary was full of grace (sinless) from conception whilst  Orthodox Church  would tend to say that she entered this state only after accepting God's wish that she become Theotokos (Mother of God). Latin Christianity  tends to be prescriptive whilst  Orthodoxy  is mystical, however, both believe in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Married men may be ordained as  Orthodox priests (but not bishops) whilst in  Latin Christianity  only single men may be ordained. The style of worship in Orthodoxy is more elaborate. Regardless of the existing theological and non-theological differences, both Christian confessions consider sacramental rituals, the cult of saints, icons and relics a priority. Moreover, the concept of  saints  is common to all branches of Christianity. The Apostle's Creed affirmed by all Christian denominations, states belief in the "communion of saints." In Christian doctrine, the term "saints" refers to all deceased persons who are now in heaven. Saints are special group of holy people, who are

Time Value of Money in Economic Decisions Research Paper

Time Value of Money in Economic Decisions - Research Paper Example An Opportunity cost arises when one is made to wait for the amount in future. In this context, Blue jay Manufacturing Company is looking at two options. These options include outsourcing portions of its in house manufacturing or making a capital investment towards expansion of in house manufacturing. Capital budgeting is thus essential in making a financial analysis of the two options presented to make a decision that will have the best outcome. Time value of money uses the present value and the future value of cash flows. In this case Butler wants to keep the manufacturing in house and to do so there is need for a capital investment to be made. Investing this cash denies the business a chance to outsource since the money cannot be realized till the investment pays off. Time value of money is used here to calculate the future value of the money which is then compared to the investment value at maturity. If the investment value at maturity is greater than the calculated future value o f money, then it is considered a good investment. However, if the future value of money is greater than the value of the investment then it is not a good capital investment and Butler would be advised to go ahead and outsource (Crosson and Needles, 2008). This is how time value of money is used in making an economic decision. It helps to calculate the value of money at a future date and compare it with its present value so as to determine a worthy investment. To clearly understand the basics of time value of money, it is important to understand the Net Present value. Net Present Value is the difference between present values of cash outflows and the present values of cash inflows. It is calculated to check the profitability of one alternative over the other. A positive NPV is an indication that it is a good investment whereas a negative NPV shows that it is not a worthy investment (Steven, 1986). In this case, future cash flows estimates of outsourcing are generated. These cash flow s are then discounted to one lump sum present value for example $600,000. If the suppliers are willing to provide their services at a price below $600,000 then management can give the go ahead to outsource for this presents a positive NPV. However, if the suppliers charge more than $600,000 it would be a very costly move and thus management would chose not to outsource. Consequently, the same analysis should be done for the case of in house manufacturing. If the NPV of in house manufacturing is found to be greater than the NPV of outsourcing, then by all means a capital investment should be made to expand in house manufacturing and vice versa. Net Present Value calculations take inflation and returns into account while analyzing the time value of money. In simple terms, it is the present value of future cash flows without accounting for the purchase price (Crosson and Needles, 2008). It is considered the most standard method for using time value of money to appraise long term invest ments during capital budgeting. The Pay Back Period is also another method that is used to determine the time value of money. However, it only measures the risk and not the returns. The Pay Back period measures the time taken for cash inflows to equate to the capital investment made. The shorter the period the more worthy the investment is. Time value of money

Indifference curve analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Indifference curve analysis - Essay Example The indifference curve is a particular selection of such combinations of goods, from out of the plot area, and all combinations on an indifference curve represent the fact that the consumer derives the same amount of total utility from consumption. Since utility derived from variously combined two goods on an indifference curve is same; the consumer is said to be indifferent between various combinations of two goods and the curve carrying all such combinations is termed as the indifference curve. Normally, with desirable goods on both axes (say, apples and oranges) the curve has a certain shape, further from the origin when both quantities are positive than when one is zero. (Definition,2006)Convexity to the origin of the indifference curves is explained by the fact that as one consumes more of one good its overall utility diminishes and tendencies to replace it with other increase. An example could illustrate this construct: It has been stated above that indifference curve carries mostly hypothetical pairs of goods combination ,amongst which the consumer is indifferent.However,the consumer cannot purchase quite a few of these combinations due to two factors. One is the prices of the two goods and the other is his income or budget available for expenditure on these two goods. Budget is an unalterable constraint while prices can be taken care of by moving from one good to the other. Continuing with the example above, suppose each apple was priced at $2 and each orange at $2.5 and given the fact that the consumer had an unalterable budget allocated for purchasing these two goods at $ 50 we observe that the consumer could either purchase 25 apples and no oranges or 20 oranges and no apples in two situations of exhausting the entire budget. However in neither of these situations the consumer maximizes his utility as he is away from his indifference curve despite exhausting his budget. In fact these two point s represent the two extremes of the budget line and lie on the horizontal and vertical axes respectively. In the figure below the line formed by joining the points (0, 20) and (25, 0) is the budget line. Budget line forms a triangular area with the two axes. This triangular area is the area of feasible purchases. The budget line, and everything inside it, is called the "feasible set" or the "consumption opportunity set."(Modern,2006).All combinations of apples and oranges plotted in this triangular area can be purchased from out of the given budget. This area is depicted by red lines. All goods combinations falling out of this triangular area cannot be purchased as they would not fit in with the budget constraint. This are is depicted with blue lines.Thus budget line narrows down the choice available to the consumer. In case the consumer increases his budget for the two goods across the board (say consequent to

The Album that change my life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Album that change my life - Essay Example The King along with his band group were a force to be reckoned with in the musical sense and also famous for their very powerful visual imagery. King Diamond earned his fame with this album and made his first mass public appearances wearing garish face paint to prove to be as dark as the themes he sang about. With Hank Shermann being one of the most creative Metal guitarists, musically the band was incredible. The dueling performance between Hank Shermann and Michael Denner was very intense as King prowled and lurked singing and screaming the often horrific subject matter that the band based their lyrics upon. Rounding out the group was Timi Grabber on bass and Kim Ruzz on drums. This was in fact the very first pure prog-metal album of all time in the sense that no key-boards were used. Compared to the next release of Mercyful Fate which had more direct structures, "Melissa" contains all the necessary components of progressive heavy metal such as the various themes and arrangements, changes of tempos and moods within any separate song from the album. It is a known fact that the main indicator of a progressive work is complexity, which consists of the above-mentioned components. A considerable part of audience fails to perceive the blasphemy in this album. The fact that it was released in the year 1983 and focused heavily on Anton LaVey's work and used topics like "venom", "Satanism" and "devils workshop" indicate that this was not a band which dealt with image alone and not actual ideals. Further, ideals hold no importance without talent. King delivers an unmatched vocal performance surpassing Bruce Dickson and Rob Halford who were the reigning vocalists of the era. Shermann and Denner were world class guitarists at par with Tipton and Downing. The album begins with their best known song "Evil" which starts off with a rolling head and culminated into an amazing riff backed by excellent guitar work and well paced vocals. it must have carved out a genre of it sown in the 1980's when it was released. The way King drops his voice so as to not overshadow the guitar makes for a perfect contrast with his extremely high falsettos. "Melissa" is in all probability the world's greatest debut. The combination effect of the camp Satanic theme along with the gigantic crests of riffs and the subtle neo- classical themes found in the guitar solos leaves the listener in boundless amazement. The awe inspiring acrobatics of the vocals the sheer sonic heaviness of the entire performance simply adds to the perfection. Playing the album in a dimly lit room with a black candle and closed eye, takes you to another level of existence altogether to be engulfed by devils, death and sacrifice. The music in general is mostly dark and heavy but nevertheless it is catchy and inspiring. The songs are rhythmically inventive embellished with time changes and tempo shifts. The musicians are all in sync with each other and there is seldom a faltered moment in the vocals or instruments. "Melissa" is one of the most famous and influential albums in the history of heavy metal. Merciful fate was dubbed as a "black metal "group in the 80's though by today's standards that assertation stands invalid, it still makes some sense. The black

Language Arts Unit Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Language Arts Unit Plan - Essay Example The lesson plans will have an Objective, Materials, Procedure, and Assessment. The lessons are all connected through using the same story but in different learning aspects and skills. Behavioral Objective-- The student will use their oral language to improve vocabulary by reading a short story and will write down on a sheet of paper any new words that they do not know. For example, croaker-sack, kindling, scowling, sycamore tree are some of the possible new words. The students will begin to use the dictionary to look up the meaning of the new words after they try to figure out the meanings from the story. This activity will be done after the first reading of the story. The students will also read this story silently. Procedure— Students will sit in one group or in small groups and read the story to each other taking turns in reading each paragraph. The teacher will take short notes when students may have trouble with certain words. Assessment—The teacher can ask the student to write down the word or words that the students may stumble with when reading and then practice saying the word or words by sounding them out. The teacher then can ask the student to give the meaning of the unknown word by reviewing the story context. Behavioral Objective— Student will use the story to learn the concept of making compound words. The student will read through the story and write down all the compound words on a sheet of paper. The students will learn what makes a compound word. They will also learn that a compound word is made of two separate words that could stand apart. Procedure— Students will read through the story and when they come to a compound word they will them write it down on their papers. The teacher can then ask them what two words make the one compound word that they found. Assessment-- To check for understanding the teacher can ask the student to read the story and when the student comes to a compound word he

Chain and Gear Business Expansion Plan 2014 Essay

Chain and Gear Business Expansion Plan 2014 - Essay Example The expansion will include the development of an e-commerce website to increase sells and customer service, development of five new products. The services we currently offer are limited to Used bikes. The new products are new bikes (hybrid and Mountain) from various suppliers, cycling nutrition products such as energy drinks, body armor and Pads from Dainese and finally, accessories and spares. Servicing and maintenance will be offered free for all bikes bought at the shop for a period of 3months from the date of purchase. We expect a gross Margin of 46% on the new products and an expected 40% net margin. The Break-even point is estimated at 710 units. With the changing weather patterns in the UK, sales are expected to be at peak levels in the summer months. Tour De France’s influence on cycling will be important with many communities organizing small events. Chain and Gear will optimize these events to promote its products and increase revenue. The annual expected revenue for 2014 is approximately  £1.7 million, supported by high sales of nutritional products and body armor and pads. Chain and Gear is a sole-proprietorship operating in London’s High Streets of Fulham Road in Chelsea. The company has been in operation for one year and with the increased demand in bicycles, it intends to expand its operations from a small used bikes shop to a high-end value brand with over  £1 Million turnovers annually. This expansion will see an introduction of five new products and a capital injection of about  £70,000. The total cash requirements for the business expansion will be  £84,000. With a capital injection of  £70,000 and credit facility of 60% of start-up inventory, the business will have sufficient cash flow to start.The intended will be funded by a loan of  £60,000 sourced from banks and a  £10,000 cash injection from the owner.  

Media Studies Dissertation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Studies Dissertation Plan - Essay Example The images of women as they portrayed in the media are the root of eating disorders that put these women at health risks. In addition, the proposed research meets the criteria for what makes a topic researchable. When finding a topic for research a study of the current literature is vital to the integrity of the proposal. An annotated bibliography will establish that there is efficient evidence, research and future merit for research on the topic. It is important to take the time to verify there is sufficient literature available for the proposed study. When looking for literature it I important to a lot a large portion of time to dedicate to perusing the literature. It is important to find current and past studies, articles and research from scholarly sources. When establishing a topic to research there is some important factors to keep in mind. For instance how current the topic is. If it involves something that has very recently occurred it will be difficult to locate literature on the subject. When planning a research proposal it is also important to arrive at a topic for the proposal taking into consideration that some topics are rarely covered by scholarly publications. For instance, " highly specific current events, little-known individuals, "underground" or alternative trends that haven't made it into even the alternative scholarship yet." (Riley 2002) It is important to take the time to research topics and reviews the literature to see if the topic is credible and worthy of a study o4 further study. Some of the topics that can be considered are anorexia in the music industry, eating disorders in adolescents and the psychological effects of eating disorders. After a review of the literature it was determined that my research will be based on how skinny images of women portrayed by media effects women's health. An assessment of the criteria justifies this study has merit. The criteria for this dissertation plan encompassed planning and planning in stages. This swill gives the research proposal organization and it will be easier to carry out the research if there are clear steps to the process determined prior to the actual conducting of the research. It has been concluded that the research proposal will be conducted using a questionnaire given to females questioning their self-image and the role that the media plays in the way that they feel. After careful consideration, it has been established that the questionnaires will be given to three different age groups of meals in order to establish a pattern through all of the age groups. The research questionnaires will be given to preadolescent females, adolescents, and women in their twenties. A study could include males however thee is no literature that supports that men are affected by the skinny images presented in the media. A future study could include males and body images in the media and steroid use. Annoted Bibliography This scholarly article discussed a study on self objectification and how it can lead to internal awareness, depression and disordered eating. This article didn't concentrate specifically on the media, but suggested that the media is one of that elements that leads to the original awareness of ones body compared to societal standards; which portray thin as good, successful and happy, and fat as bad, ugly and unhappy. Polivy, J., & Herman, P. (2002).

Argument by Authority Essay Example for Free

Argument by Authority Essay The first part which presents an argument by authority is the opening – â€Å"According to repeated nationwide surveys, more Doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette! † Though it does not directly relate the authority of the doctors in cigarette smoking, it is suggesting that even doctors, who are supposed to be health conscious, are smoking, thus creating an illusion that cigarette smoking is not bad for the health. The second part is the expression â€Å"The doctor’s choice is America’s choice! † The first point may be less reliable than the second because it is just a survey and does not require much expertise as doctors. The second is more reliable although it suffers from the fallacy of argument by authority. The first statement is an appeal to anonymous authority type of argument (claiming that an argument is valid based on an opinion of an anonymous and not necessarily an expert) while the second suggests that it is a general argument from authority fallacy (claiming that the argument is valid because the opinion presented is from an expert). By stating that the doctor’s choice is America’s choice, the speaker is claiming that whatever the doctors smoke is what America smokes. It may also be categorized as hasty generalization, but what it actually does is persuade Americans to smoke Camel because doctors, as it were, are smoking Camels. References Alouette. (2007, July 26). Amusing old fashioned advertisements, cigarette ads [image]. Unsought Input. Retrieved March 3, 2009 from http://www. unsoughtinput. com/index. php/2007/06/26/amusing-old-fashioned-advertisements-cigarette-ads/ Lindsay, D. (Ed. ). (2009, January 5). A List of Fallacious Arguments. Retrieved March 3, 2009 from http://www. don-lindsay-archive. org/skeptic/arguments. html#expert

Potential For Water Supply Essay Example for Free

Potential For Water Supply Essay According to the International Water Management Institute environmental research organisation global water stress is increasing, and a third of all people face some sort of water scarcity. Where demand exceeds supply and no effective management operates, there will be conflicts between the various players involved. In addition, global climate change will exacerbate these challenges faced by countries and populations. Shifting precipitation patterns threaten to reduce water availability in some regions while inflicting stronger storms on others, increasing both potential droughts and floods. This may increase the frequency of more serious conflicts and result in ‘water wars’. Meeting the world’s growing water needs will require far more effective use of available resources. By combining appropriate technology, strategic management and involving all the players water conflicts can be avoided. The Nile river exemplifies an International dispute with the source of the conflict being the water supply. Egypt who have a historical right to The Nile are highly dependent on its waters, which are required for agricultural purposes with the waters being a necessity to irrigate the arable land. Many countries in the Nile basin depend heavily on the Nile, with Egypt depending on the Nile for 97% of its renewable water resource. Consequently, The Nile is essential to the food and water security in all of the countries that lie within the Nile river basin. With so many countries being reliant on one single water source it is no surprise that this water supply has increased tensions in the area and that there is a huge potential for it to cause conflict. Ethiopia’s tributaries supply roughly 86% of the Nile however as a result of the Entebbe Agreement Ethiopia and other upstream countries have begun to divert water for new dam projects that would provide hydro-electric power and irrigation networks. These developments upstream have led to threats from Egypt, who are extremely protective over their decreasing share of the Niles water supply. However in order to secure their  supply they must engage in peaceful negotiations as violence would only jeapordise their share of the supply. Thus the potential for water conflict is there as tensions continue to increase between upstream and downstream nations, and perhaps overtime as the downstream nations share of the supply is further squeezed, these tensions are likely to result in conflict. Conflict can also occur within a country, for example the states situated within the Colorado river basin have been constantly squabbling over who owns the water supply and who should be allocated the most water. In the 1920s the ‘Law of the River’ established the division of water amongst the upper basin states, it also defined their responsibility to supply water to the lower basin states. This division had been based on an estimated annual flow of 21 billion m3/yr in 1920, however this was a time of above normal flows, recent studies have indicated that long term average flows are around 18 billion m3/yr. The deficit between the flow and the allocation has become more apparent as the population in the clorado basin states continues to rise. As a result of this deficit tensions are rising between the states, California receives a large percentage of the water as a result of its large population and political power even though the river does not directly flow through it. This has heightened tensions with the states who are experiencing severe water shortages who actually have a grater claim to the river than California. Although the city dwellers may be losing out as they are having to share their water with other states, farmers are profiting as they claimed the land first and thus the majority of water, 80%, lies with them. The Colorado river has not only caused internal disputes but also international disputes, causing there to be the potential for conflict with Mexico. The reason being that the Colorado river is that the basin states are so dependent on the water that the river supplies that it no longer reaches the sea, 90% of the water has been extracted before it reaches Mexico. The delta has decreased in size as a result of the extraction and the large dams put in place along the river such as the Hoover Dam. This did increase political tensions between the two nations and there was a strong potential for the supply of the Colorado river to become a source of  Conflict between the two countries, however in 2012 an amendment was made to the ‘Law of the River’ entitled ‘Minute 319’ which gave Mexico a grater allocation of the water supply. This is an example of how there can be a potential for conflict yet an agreement can be reached to prevent it. Nonetheless there is still a potential for new disputes among the Colorado river, this is less likely to occur internationally on the US-Mexico border as a result of the recent amendment, however at the artificial border drawn at Lees Ferry, between the upper and lower basin states. Aside from the strain put on the supply by a growing population, the upper basin has a small surplus that it is using to develop its economy. However at the same time water shortages in the lower basin could limit the potential for economic growth in the lower basin and thus their remains a potential for the water supply to cause conflict in the future.

Lift And Drag Coefficients Of Planes Engineering Essay

Lift And Drag Coefficients Of Planes Engineering Essay The term fluid in everyday language typically refers to liquids, but in the realm of physics, fluid describes any gases, liquids or plasmas that conform to the shape of its container. Fluid mechanics is the study of gases and liquids at rest and in motion. It is divided into fluid statics, the study of the behavior of stationary fluids, and fluid dynamics, the study of the behavior of moving, or flowing, fluids. Fluid dynamics is further divided into hydrodynamics, or the study of water flow, and aerodynamics, the study of airflow. Real-life applications of fluid mechanics included a variety of machines, ranging from the water-wheel to the airplane. Many of the applications are according to several principles such as Pascals Principle, Bernoullis Principle, Archimedess Principle and etc. As example, Bernoullis principle, which stated that the greater the velocity of flow in a fluid, the greater the dynamic pressure and the less the static pressure. In other words, slower-moving fluid exerts greater pressure than faster-moving fluid. The discovery of this principle ultimately made possible the development of the airplane. Therefore, among the most famous applications of Bernoullis principle is its use in aerodynamics. In addition, the study of fluids provides an understanding of a number of everyday phenomena, such as why an open window and door together create a draft in a room. Wind Tunnel Suppose one is in a room where the heat is on too high, and there is no way to adjust the thermostat. Outside, however, the air is cold, and thus, by opening a window, one can presumably cool down the room. But if one opens the window without opening the front door of the room, there will only be little temperature change. But if the door is opened, a nice cool breeze will blow through the room. Why? This is because, with the door closed, the room constitutes an area of relatively high pressure compared to the pressure of the air outside the window. Because air is a fluid, it will tend to flow into the room, but once the pressure inside reaches a certain point, it will prevent additional air from entering. The tendency of fluids is to move from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, not the other way around. As soon as the door is opened, the relatively high-pressure air of the room flows into the relatively low-pressure area of the hallway. As a result, the air pressure in the room is reduced, and the air from outside can now enter. Soon a wind will begin to blow through the room. The above scenario of wind flowing through a room describes a rudimentary wind tunnel. A wind tunnel is a chamber built for the purpose of examining the characteristics of airflow in contact with solid objects, such as aircraft and automobiles.   Theory of Operation of a Wind Tunnel Wind tunnels were first proposed as a means of studying vehicles (primarily  airplanes) in free flight. The wind tunnel was envisioned as a means of reversing the usual paradigm: instead of the airs standing still and the aircraft moving at speed through it, the same effect would be obtained if the aircraft stood still and the air moved at speed past it. In that way a stationary observer could study the aircraft in action, and could measure the aerodynamic forces being imposed on the aircraft. Later, wind tunnel study came into its own: the effects of wind on manmade structures or objects needed to be studied, when buildings became tall enough to present large surfaces to the wind, and the resulting forces had to be resisted by the buildings internal structure. Still later, wind-tunnel testing was applied to  automobiles, not so much to determine aerodynamic forces per second but more to determine ways to reduce the power required to move the vehicle on roadways at a given speed. In the wind tunnel the air is moving relative to the roadway, while the roadway is stationary relative to the test vehicle. Some automotive-test wind tunnels have incorporated moving belts under the test vehicle in an effort to approximate the actual condition. Its represents a safe and judicious use of the properties of fluid mechanics. Its purpose is to test the interaction of airflow and solids in relative motion: in other words, either the aircraft has to be moving against the airflow, as it does in flight, or the airflow can be moving against a stationary aircraft. The first of these choices, of course, poses a number of dangers; on the other hand, there is little danger in exposing a stationary craft to winds at speeds simulating that of the aircraft in flight. Wind tunnel Wind tunnels are used for the study of aerodynamics (the dynamics of fluids). So there is a wide range of applications and fluid mechanic theory can be applied in the device. airframe flow analysis (aviation, airfoil improvements etc), aircraft engines (jets) performance tests and improvements, car industry: reduction of friction, better air penetration, reduction of losses and fuel consumption (thats why all cars now look the same: the shape is not a question of taste, but the result of laws of physics!) any improvement against and to reduce air friction: i.e. the shape of a speed cycling helmet, the shape of the profiles used on a bike are designed in a wind tunnel. to measure the flow and shape of waves on a surface of water, in response to winds (very large swimming pools!) Entertainment as well, in mounting the tunnel on a vertical axis and blowing from bottom to top. Not to simulate anti-gravity as said above, but to allow safely the experience of free-falling parachutes. The Bernoulli principle is applied to measure experimentally the air speed flowing in the wind tunnel. In this case, the construction of Pitot tube is made to utilize the Bernoulli principle for the task of measuring the air speed in the wind tunnel. Pitot tube is generally an instrument to measure the fluid flow velocity and in this case to measure the speed of air flowing to assist further aerodynamic calculations which require this piece of information and the adjustment of the wind speed to achieve desired value. Schematic of a Pitot tube Bernoullis equation states: Stagnation pressure = static pressure + dynamic pressure This can also be written as, Solving that for velocity we get: Where, V is air velocity; pt is stagnation or total pressure; ps is static pressure; h= fluid height and à Ã‚  is air density To reduce the error produced, the placing of this device is properly aligned with the flow to avoid misalignment. As a wing moves through the air, the wing is inclined to the flight direction at some angle. The angle between the  chord line and the flight direction is called the  angle of attack  and has a large effect on the  lift  generated by a wing. When an airplane takes off, the pilot applies as much  thrust  as possible to make the airplane roll along the runway. But just before lifting off, the pilot  rotates  the aircraft. The nose of the airplane rises,  increasing the angle of attack  and producing the  increased lift  needed for takeoff. The magnitude of the lift  generated  by an object depends on the  shape  of the object and how it moves through the air. For thin  airfoils,  the lift is directly proportional to the angle of attack for small angles (within +/- 10 degrees). For higher angles, however, the dependence is quite complex. As an object moves through the air, air molecules  stick  to the surface. This creates a layer of air near the surface called a  boundary layer  that, in effect, changes the shape of the object. The  flow turning  reacts to the edge of the boundary layer just as it would to the physical surface of the object. To make things more confusing, the boundary layer may lift off or separate from the body and create an effective shape much different from the physical shape. The separation of the boundary layer explains why aircraft wings will abruptly lose lift at high angles to the flow. This condition is called a  wing stall. On the slide shown above, the flow conditions for two airfoils are shown on the left. The shape of the two foils is the same. The lower foil is inclined at ten degrees to the incoming flow, while the upper foil is inclined at twenty degrees. On the upper foil, the boundary layer has separated and the wing is stalled. Predicting the  stall point  (the angle at which the wing stalls) is very difficult mathematically. Engineers usually rely on  wind tunnel  tests to determine the stall point. But the test must be done very carefully, matching all the important  similarity parameters  of the actual flight hardware. The plot at the right of the figure shows how the lift varies with angle of attack for a typical thin airfoil. At low angles, the lift is nearly linear. Notice on this plot that at zero angle a small amount of lift is generated because of the airfoil shape. If the airfoil had been symmetric, the lift would be zero at zero angle of attack. At the right of the curve, the lift changes rather abruptly and the curve stops. In reality, you can set the airfoil at any angle you want. However, once the wing stalls, the flow becomes highly unsteady, and the value of the lift can change rapidly with time. Because it is so hard to measure such flow conditions, engineers usually leave the plot blank beyond wing stall. Since the amount of lift generated at zero angle and the location of the stall point must usually be determined experimentally, aerodynamicists include the effects of inclination in the  lift coefficient.  For some simple examples, the lift coefficient can be determined mathematically. For thin airfoils at subsonic speed, and small angle of attack, the lift coefficient  Cl  is given by: Cl = 2 where  Ã‚  is 3.1415, and  a  is the angle of attack expressed in radians: radians = 180 degrees Aerodynamicists rely on wind tunnel testing and very sophisticated computer analysis to determine the lift coefficient. Lift coefficient The  lift coefficient  (  Ã‚  or  ) is a  dimensionless  coefficient that relates the  lift  generated by an aerodynamic body such as a  wing  or complete  aircraft, the  dynamic pressure  of the fluid flow around the body, and a reference area associated with the body. It is also used to refer to the aerodynamic lift characteristics of a  2D  airfoil  section, whereby the reference area is taken as the airfoil  chord.  It may also be described as the ratio of lift pressure to  dynamic pressure. Aircraft Lift Coefficient Lift coefficient may be used to relate the total  lift  generated by an aircraft to the total area of the wing of the aircraft. In this application it is called the  aircraft  or  planform lift coefficient   The lift coefficient  Ã‚  is equal to: where   is the  lift force,   is fluid  density,   is  true airspeed,   is  dynamic pressure, and   is  planform  area. The lift coefficient is a  dimensionless number. The aircraft lift coefficient can be approximated using, for example, the  Lifting-line theory  or measured in a  wind tunnel  test of a complete aircraft configuration. Section Lift Coefficient Lift coefficient may also be used as a characteristic of a particular shape (or cross-section) of an  airfoil. In this application it is called the  section lift coefficient  Ã‚  It is common to show, for a particular airfoil section, the relationship between section lift coefficient and  angle of attack.  It is also useful to show the relationship between section lift coefficients and  drag coefficient. The section lift coefficient is based on the concept of an infinite wing of non-varying cross-section, the lift of which is bereft of any three-dimensional effects in other words the lift on a 2D section. It is not relevant to define the section lift coefficient in terms of total lift and total area because they are infinitely large. Rather, the lift is defined per unit span of the wing  Ã‚  In such a situation, the above formula becomes: where  Ã‚  is the  chord  length of the airfoil. The section lift coefficient for a given angle of attack can be approximated using, for example, the  Thin Airfoil Theory,  or determined from wind tunnel tests on a finite-length test piece, with endplates designed to ameliorate the 3D effects associated with the  trailing vortex  wake structure. Note that the lift equation does not include terms for  angle of attack   that is because the mathematical relationship between  lift and  angle of attack  varies greatly between airfoils and is, therefore, not constant. (In contrast, there is a straight-line relationship between lift and dynamic pressure; and between lift and area.) The relationship between the lift coefficient and angle of attack is complex and can only be determined by experimentation or complex analysis. See the accompanying graph. The graph for section lift coefficient vs. angle of attack follows the same general shape for all  airfoils, but the particular numbers will vary. The graph shows an almost linear increase in lift coefficient with increasing  angle of attack, up to a maximum point, after which the lift coefficient reduces. The angle at which maximum lift coefficient occurs is the  stall  angle of the airfoil. The lift coefficient is a  dimensionless number. Note that in the graph here, there is still a small but positive lift coefficient with angles of attack less than zero. This is true of any airfoil with  camber  (asymmetrical airfoils). On a cambered airfoil at zero angle of attack the pressures on the upper surface are lower than on the lower surface. A typical curve showing section lift coefficient versus angle of attack for a cambered airfoil Drag Coefficient In  fluid dynamics, the  drag coefficient  (commonly denoted as:  Ã‚  Ã‚  or  ) is a  dimensionless quantity  that is used to quantify the  drag  or resistance of an object in a fluid environment such as air or water. It is used in the  drag equation, where a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less  aerodynamic  or  hydrodynamic  drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area. The drag coefficient of any object comprises the effects of the two basic contributors to  fluid dynamic  drag:  skin friction  and  form drag. The drag coefficient of lifting  airfoil  or  hydrofoil  also includes the effects of lift  induced drag.  The drag coefficient of a complete structure such as an aircraft also includes the effects of  interference drag. Definition The drag coefficient  Ã‚  is defined as: where:   is the  drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity,   is the  mass density  of the fluid,   is the  speed  of the object relative to the fluid, and is the reference  area. The reference area depends on what type of drag coefficient is being measured. For automobiles and many other objects, the reference area is the frontal area of the vehicle (i.e., the cross-sectional area when viewed from ahead). For example, for a sphere  Ã‚  (note this is not the surface area =  ). For  airfoils, the reference area is the  planform  area. Since this tends to be a rather large area compared to the projected frontal area, the resulting drag coefficients tend to be low: much lower than for a car with the same drag, frontal area and at the same speed. Airships  and some  bodies of revolution  use the volumetric drag coefficient, in which the reference area is the  square  of the  cube root  of the airship volume. Submerged streamlined bodies use the wetted surface area. Two objects having the same reference area moving at the same speed through a fluid will experience a drag force proportional to their respective drag coefficients. Coefficients for unstreamlined objects can be 1 or more, for streamlined objects much less.

The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Essays -- Envir

The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Charles Dickens wrote about the dirty conditions of London, England by saying, "Smoke lowering down from chimney pots, making a soft black drizzle, with flakes of soot in it as big as full-grown snowflakes – gone into mourning, one might imagine, for the death of the sun . . . Fog everywhere . . . fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping, and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city" (Qtd. Langone 28). The problem with the air back in Dickens’ day was all of the coal that was burned for heat and power. Today, we do not often use coal in our individual homes or businesses, but we still have a big problem with our air. Automobiles are our main problem today. In almost every large metropolitan area in the world, the effects of the pollution released from the cars can be seen, smelt and felt by the average person. When science and technology step in and actually measure the amounts of pollution present, the effects become even more shocking. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) measures the amount of pollution in our air on a scale they call the Pollution Standards Index or the PSI. This scale measures several different pollutants including: carbon monoxide, ground-level ozone, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide (EPA 2). Automobiles contribute to four of the six pollutants measured on the scale: Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide (Patterson 6). The scale also explains at what levels the pollutants become unhealthy and what we should do to protect ourselves. At the Good and Moderate levels of the scale, there are no serious health effects found. At the Unhealthful... .... Phoenix, August 1991. "Environmental Profile for: Maricopa County, Arizona. Air Quality". Environmental Protection Agency. 24 November, 1998. http://www.epa.gov/epahome/general.htm Kraft, Michael. Vig, Norman. Environmental Policy in the 1990’s. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1994. Langone, John. Our Endangered Earth. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1992. Levy, John. Contemporary Urban Planning. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997. Lorenzetti, Maureen S. Alternative Motor Fuels. Tulsa: PennWell Publishing Co., 1996. Morgan, James, et al. The Technical Feasibility, Socio-Economic Impact and Environmental Benefits of Alternative Energy Vehicles As Related To The State of Arizona. Northern Arizona University, 1986. Patterson, D.J. Emissions From Combustion Engines And Their Control. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1972.

Psychic ability :: essays papers

Psychic ability Abstract The purpose of this study was to prove that the human mind has telepathic ability. To prove this, the subjects were asked to guess the suit of each card from a standard playing deck. The subjects were tested in a cozy, quiet environment inside their house. The first data recorded were the percentage of cards the subjects would randomly guess right. There are 52 cards in a deck and thirteen of each suit, so that would give someone a 13 out of 52 chance of merely guessing right or one-fourth. During the test, the subjects were instructed to take time and concentrate before giving an answer. The idea was that if the subject concentrated hard enough, the suit of the card would be revealed by the psychic ability of the mind. The results of the study showed that telepathic ability just might be a reality Psychic ability has been a subject that has interested me every since I saw the movie Maverick. In the movie, the main character, played by Mel Gibson, believes that if he thinks of a card and concentrates hard enough then he will draw that card. He starts out thinking of the card he needs. The character played by Gibson thinks long and hard to the point of almost exhaustion. He then draws the card, hoping that the card he is thinkin g of will be the card he draws. It never quite works out for him because I believe that he is not concentrating hard enough. At the end of the movie, however, when he is in the finals of a poker tournament, he tries it again. This time, his mind is in the zone, and it works. I have never been one to believe in telepathy, but one time I tried to give it a chance. One time, I was home alone and extremely bored, so I decided to try out what I had learned from Maverick. I was alone in my room, and I sat and thought about the ace of spades for what seemed like fifteen minutes. Concentrating and thinking only of the ace of spades, I drew a card and held it so I couldn’t see it. I said to myself, over and over again, this is the ace of spades.

Comparing Love and Marriage in Canterbury Tales, Lanval, Faerie Queene,

Love and Marriage in Canterbury Tales, Lanval, Faerie Queene, and Monsieur's Departure Medieval and Renaissance literature develops the concepts of love and marriage and records the evolution of the relation between them. In Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Christian love clashes with courtly love, as men and women grapple with such issues as which partner should rule in marriage, the proper, acceptable role of sex in marriage, and the importance of love as a basis for a successful marriage. Works by earlier writers portray the medieval literary notion of courtly love, the sexual attraction between a chivalric knight and his lady, often the knight's lord's wife. The woman, who generally held mastery in these relationships based on physical desire and consummation, dictated the terms of the knight's duties and obligations, much like a feudal lord over a vassal. This microcosm of romance between man and woman was anchored by the macrocosm of the bonds among men and their fealty to their lord. The dominance of women and fealty to the leader in courtly love contrasts with the d ominance ...

Macbeth Paper Noble Deterioration Essay

In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, the protagonist undergoes a profound and gradual evolution throughout the play, for the worse. Macbeth decays from a noble soldier, and a truly great man, into a corrupt king whose senseless actions result in his mental deterioration. Macbeth’s mind set is mostly stable in the early stages of the play, until he regresses him into an uneasy character, and finally devolves into such a corrupt state that his life is ended and falls to pieces even before he even meets his death. Macbeth expresses high signs of a heroic character in the early stages of the play. Captain says: For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name),/ Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel,/ Which smoked with bloody execution,/ Like valor’s minion, carved out his passage/ Till he faced the slave;/ Which ne’er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him,/ Till he unseamed him from the nave to th’ chops,/ And fixed his head upon our battlements.† and expresses Macbeth’s high levels of nobility(I.ii.18-25). The mental state of Macbeth at this point is still very stable and displays the strength of the principal character. Macbeth’s mental stability is not only represented by his loyalty, but also by his steadiness and ability to analyze situations. He communicates his mind state to the reader by saying, â€Å"The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step/ On which I must fall down or else o’erleap,/ For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;/ Let no light see my black and deep desires./ The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be/ Which of the eye fears, when it is done, to see†(I.iv.55-60). The decisiveness and precise mindset Macbeth has is more evidence to support the fact that Macbeth changed from a stable character in the beginning of the play. Granted, he thought about how to deal with Dunkin, he still thought to himself clearly and think realistically as to his possible solutions at hand. Towards the middle of the play, Macbeth shows strong signs of mental deterioration. Macbeth displays his true signs of his deterioration through his soliloquys and is clearly shown when he says, â€Å"Is this a dagger/ that summons thee to heaven or hell†(II.i.44-77). The soliloquy exposes the decline of Macbeth’s mental state as he hallucinates the dagger telling him to kill Duncan. After Macbeth does kill Dunkin, he says, â€Å"Methought I heard a voice cry ‘Sleep no more!/ Macbeth does murder sleep’- the innocent sleep,/ Sleep that knits up the raveled sleep of care,/ The death of each days life, sore labor’s bath,/ Balm of hurt minds, great nature’s second course,/ Chief nourisher in life’s feast†(II.ii.47-52). This shows his extreme feelings of guilt, directly resulting from the murder he committed. The guilt plays an immense role in Macbeth’s decay because he cannot take his murders back at any point and causes his loss of sensibility. He speaks on the impact it leaves on him by saying, â€Å"How is ‘t with me when every noise appalls me?/ What hands are here! Ha, they pluck out mine eyes./ Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood/ Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather/ The multitudinous cease incarnadine,/ Making the green one red†(II.ii.76-81). Macbeth feels that nothing in this world can rid him of his guilt and/or anxiety. The reader can see that Macbeth has even deeper signs of guilt when Lady Macbeth says to her guests at Banquo’s Banquet, â€Å"Sit, worthy friends. My lord is often thus/ And hath been from his youth. Pray you, keep seat./ The fit is momentary; upon a thought/ He will again be well. If much you note him/ You shall offend him and extend his passion./ Feed and regard him not./ Are you a man?†(III.iv.64-70). Macbeth’s guilt has worsened his mental state so immensely, that he sees a ghost of Banquo and Lady Macbeth has to cover up for his awkward behavior in front of their guests. Due to the overwhelming amount of guilt Macbeth is feeling, his mental state takes the blunt force and drastically declines, resulting in hallucinations and abnormal behavior. By the end of the play, Macbeth is locked into and irreversible decay and ends up as an unrecognizable person in contrast to his origins. Macbeth’s final stage of decay involved his lack of emotion and loss of honorability. Malcolm exclaims, â€Å"I grant him bloody,/ Luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful,/ Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin/ That has a name†(IV.iii.70-73). This blatantly reveals the kingdoms feeling towards Macbeth’s corrupted character and the man he has come to be. The mental deterioration is not only evident in his decisions, but also in his emotions. Macbeth has a serious lack of emotion by his final corrupted state and shows almost no emotion when he finds out his wife is dead, as seen by the quote, â€Å"She should have died hereafter./ There would have been time for such a word†(V.v.20-21). He lacks the passion he felt for his wife in the earlier stages of the play. The decay of Macbeth causes him to lose his followers and kinsmen as well. Malcolm makes his opinion clear by saying, â€Å"But Macbeth is./ A good and virtuous nature may recoil/ In an imperial charge. But I shall crave your pardon,† and makes it very clear that he feels Macbeth has been a good man until he changed for the worse(IV.iii.22-25). Macbeth’s final deterioration state, that proved he changed from a valiant soldier to a corrupt king throughout his mental decay, is obvious to the reader by his massive character change in an opposition to his origi nal role. It is easily seen that Macbeth goes through an extreme mental deterioration throughout the course of the play. Macbeth decays from a noble soldier, and a truly great man, into a corrupt king whose senseless actions expose his mental deterioration. In the beginning of his nobility, Macbeth is an honest and stable man, who then regresses into an uneasy and backstabbing deviant, which ultimately leaves him in such a corrupt state that his life is destroyed and set onto a track of demise for him to only be left a slain, foul, tyrant. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, by William Shakespeare. Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York, Washington Square Press: n.p., 1992. Print.

Marks and Spencer Advertising Strategy Essay

tag and Spencer is an international multi-channel retailer that has been running for 129 years. It now operates in constantlyywhere 50 territories world bulky and employs al to the highest degree 82,000 pot, ( mark and Spencer plc, 2013). Its dependence on its pipeline country the UK is progressively macrocosmness minify due to its international foc exploitation. M&S UK turnover consists of 54% diet and 46% general fruition, including abode w atomic human activity 18, clothing, lingerie and so forth It is soon growing its e-commerce and has expanded to the finance business with its M&S situate branch.Clothing has been lately an aspect of disturbance for the party, as sales of clothing constitute slipped back for the ninth consecutive rump, (The Guardian, 2013). This has created a 9. 1% f all(prenominal) in half-year profit. For this reason, according to M&S psyche executive manoeuveror, they ar currently working on having more innovation and choice than ever b efore, (Bolland, 2013). However, according to retail psychoanalyst for the BBC, The company is also risk opposed and is unwilling to break the mould of its traditional modes of doing business, (Conlumino, 2013).The affordable invent food foodstuff in the UK has been described as challenging by Chief Executive Bolland. The fashion industry requires radical and mod measures for success, which M&S has non dared to fulfil until now. tag and Spencers fashion contention is becoming increasingly tough and aggressive. retailer Next overtook M&S as the UKs biggest fashion retailer, in July 2012, (Nairn, 2012).Primark, its senior rival has an expected 5 zillion pounds in clothing sales in 2014, (The Guardian, 2013) this is a very close augur to M&S, with the potential possibility of playing above it. CAMPAIGN STRATEGY Marks and Spencer decided to adopt a faggot story solution for its Christmas 2013 causal force, accenting on its custody and women ware collections as well a their lingerie collection playing a strong role. The cites mess term claims to Believe in Magic and Sparkle and is based on a collection of fairytale stories including Alice in Wonderland, Red Riding Hood and The magician of Oz.It encourages the auditory finger to believe in the reliable Christmas spirits while taking them through a function of mind-blowing and ideate settings that pass around the wide range of mirthful products available in the store. The nominateising crusade was developed by the touchising agency RKCR/Y&R and also includes its Christmas troupe food range on the table set during the Tea Party. The company has tried to emphasize its quality by bringing to the evoke loved fairy tales in a glamorous offset.Christmas is a tonality selling season for M&S and olibanum their Executive managing director of Marketing & Business Director claimed how they cute to recapture the magical incumbrance of Christmas that customers say is synonymous with M&S, ( Bousquet-Chavanne, 2013). In scathe of the media bring, Marks and Spencer is shifting its selling approach to digital first, (Vizard, 2013). This centre that its strategy is launching driving forces online (through Youtube and its Website) before the intake of Above The Line advertizement ( bulge outing in TW or print), this is a way to involve better with its consumers.The run was first launched on the 4th November online and ii days subsequently the TV desolely took place. The whole die hard had a very strong focus on engaging their target listening through companionable media, allowing shoppers to vote via chirp and Facebook on a name for the alpestrine terrier which features in its streamlet. The master(prenominal) purpose of the campaign is to create awareness to their target audience and recover primarily in terms of clothing sales (increase them). Further documentals of the campaign are to attract its target market for a bigger range of their products.By in tegrating food and general merchandise such as raiment and home ware in the advert, M&S aims to take advantage of cross-fertilising across food and clothing, as opposed to other retailers. Finally, the objective of moving to digital selling is to function multichannel and prove its ecommerce savvy, as according to drift of digital store development, A excite number of M&S customers tranquillize do not consider it as a multichannel retailer when they are obtain online, (Zuurbier, 2013). In terms of its target audiences, Marks & Spencer has always aimed to target diametrical age groups, using its advertisements to expand the generations.By using well-known celebrities such as Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, David Gandy and capital of Montana Bonham-Carter, it attracts customers from different segments, thence the chief(prenominal) character reference Rosie target appeal to every woman, cosmos neither too common nor too unattainable. However, although reaching out to an adult ma rket segment with its range of winter clothes and festive feasts, M&S has astray aimed to target a younger market, thence engaging them in a wide Social Media campaign and well-known gets. In terms of its reach, the M&S advert was broadcasted to a mass audience by using ABT advertizement and OL denote.It is currently wining the Christmas TV battle in terms of social, with 58. 8 million mentions on Twitter and 160,000 inter carry throughs on Facebook, (Kindred, 2013). The campaign also created a magicandsparkle hashtag, which allowed the betray to measure further the impact on social networks, with it being mentioned over 3,500 periods. The advert is available internationally with 948. 533 views in Youtube and British TV cannels. The advert was first launched on TV 6th of November and is showing at a daily basis currently and until the end of the Christmas holidays (2 months approx).The utilise of social media has been a key element in this travel Marks & Spencers campaign f or two main reasons. First of all, M&S are trying its best to understad consumers tastes and what they unfeignedly want. Social media allows the company to listen to what customers are saying in real time, thus having direct feedback and evaluation of their efforts neighboring(a)ly. Secondly, one of their main current objectives is to expand its online market share, thus they want to be perceived as a multichannel retailer for online shopping.According to the boss of digital store development, A frighten number of regular customers do not consider it as a main online shopping point, and social media through the campaigns enables a connection between the consumers and M&S online platforms and at that placefore a direct assort to purchase. The media channels have played a crucial role in transmiting their campaign to the sought after public. The shift on its marketing approach, by launching campaigns online and on social media before print and TV enabled a closer relationship w ith the online consumers and a way of creating an experience and a feeling with the campaign.The use of mass media by broadcasting the advert through british TV channels reaches most families that could potentially buy at the physical stores, whereas the online platforms reach audiences that could potentially move in purchases at the E-store. The main aim of the campaign was to attract customers of all demographic groups and campaign the new products that the company is offering. M&S image is in search of modify quality and consistency, and they wanted to transmit this to their audience.However, the key issue in this campaign is whether it actually communicated a clear message and whether it is appeals to the assort target market. M&S, being a multi-department store with different product and pickaxe offerings, should thoroughly consider how the different product rages and collectoos are segmented. Usually, M&S was using its ads to span the generations, always including differ ent groups. However, by trying to appear as a improved quality brand and creating an advertising campaign featuring actual and trendy celebrities, there is a senior high school risk of detering its core group of older and more wide-eyed shoppers.In terms of attracting the younger audience, there is a high risk twisting because this segment is yet not persuade about M&S products being for them, so the efforts to attract this dangerous and precarious segment might loose focus on their main and loyal customers. A controversial question on this way out is whether the use of celebrities such as the model Rosie Huntington-Whiteley and David Gandy are associated with the image and main determine of the brand. M&S is usually chosen by consumers who regard the brand as trustworthy, caring, straightforward and wise, being their old inheritance a plus for consumer loyalty.Although the celebrity secondment can create a high amount of awareness and the models can appear as desirable, t he brand is unnecessarily being elevated more than necessary, and going a complete different way to its all-time values. It is therefore questionable whether the all things to all ages appeal is reflected in the advert. The AIDA model can be used to evaluate the quaternion main points of an advertising campaign, regarding Awareness, Interest, Desire and Action.The wait on is used by marketers to ensure that the desired result occurs from the campaign and M&S campaign follows all of the steps worry By presenting the beautifully-made video with well-known celebrities it is undercover work the audiences attention. The use of its fairytails theme can help purchases identidy the problem of needing the products offered by the firm to complete its christmas holidays. Interest once M&S had the prospects attention, the way to check the interest in the campaign was to victuals the audiences engaged by creating social media operation and repeating the story in different media channels. Desire In the desire stage, the range of products showed in the advert are undecided on a way that are tempting and desired by the customers, so that they want to purchase de product. Action The net step was to persuade the prospects to take immediate action. By using online platforms, creating a direct link to purchase and by limiting the range of products to the christmas season, M&S is creating sense of urgency by encouraging action within a specific time frame. This claver to action is essential for the advert to influence the growth in sales.Marks and Spencer has been suffering from decreasing sales passim the last years, and instead of focusing on targeting a unclear market segment, it should bring up its heritage and history, which is why it is stil considered to be number one multi-department store in the UK. The advertising campaign is beautifully made and has lovely production values and gorgeous sets but it does not appeal to the right audience. at that place is a n unclear linkage between the advertising and the heart of the brand as undergo by the stores.The celebrities do not constitute what the clients are neither what they want to be, as they are unreachable and extravagant. The magical essence of the advert and the high glamour that it wants to communicate has vigor to do with the brand. M&S should focus on one unrestrained point that can reach its most loyal clients, whereas this advert looses focus by trying to appear and image that is nothing to do with the brand. Even though M&S has captured a lot of attention, the call to action remains unclear, although impact on sales cannot be analysed until after Christmas.

Daodejing Characterization of Early Daoist Teachers Essay

Since each chapter of the Daodejing describes Daoism in different aspects it is believed that several authors contributed to the completion of it. The Daodejing is re eachy poetic and mysterious. The early teachers of the Daodejing seemed to pass things down that was unvoiced for ordinary ideas to comprehend as a demeanor to get people to analyze and understand the mankind around them. Meanings encrypted in different ways and metaphors perpetually used seem to be a green characteristic between the early teachers.Although they were oddly written, all of the passages seemed to give a basic insight on the early teachers perspective of things. The Daodejing characterizes common charitable flunk and meant to effect the way people think or react. Early teachers believed that the truth about the human mind can all be sought from within. orthogonal influences and worldly thing will not expire you to understand yourself. Based on the Daodejing, the early teachers in like manner believed that the understanding of self is given as a gift from disposition not acquired knowledge that you in force(p) so happen to stumble upon.The text of the Daodejing offers a practical way of life and dismisses any ideas of human immortality. These passages were intended to restore peace and harmony to a world that the early teachers believed was in disarray. The text stresses the wideness of learning to resolve things naturally and to restrain from affected reactions. The Daodejing was written to explore the natural meaning and apprize of life itself. Daoist Teachings I see the Daoist teachings as free-and-easy kind of go with the flow beliefs.When I drive of the teachings and research the ways of a Daoist, it seems similar to a tree hugger or hippie type of lifestyle. This law of similarity isnt shocking since most religions or ethnic movements share common interests of certain ideas. The ying yang symbol which was go of the origin of the Daoist was used by the hippi e pagan movement. Daoism also adopted beliefs from other religions such as Confucianism and Buddhism. The teachings seem to focus on understanding the disposition of reality and no concern for things that cant be changed.Followers of Daoism believed in the idea of avoiding the moved(p) things and to become more like nature. Nature desires only what is necessary to flourish and nothing more. Education is regarded as artificial and not a necessity as it is within other religious practices. Daoist teachings express the expulsion of whatever is unnecessary and artificial. Daoism has no single hold and does not place trust in an durable and invisible stability that somehow transcends the fleeting live of time (Miller, 2012).I believe the goal in Daoism is to reach perfect health by nature through peace and harmony. References Ammer, C. (1997). Quit while matchlesss ahead. In The American Heritage mental lexicon of Idioms Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved from http//dictionary. referenc e. com/browse/quit while ones ahead Miller, J. (2012). A short history of daoism. Retrieved from http//www. daoiststudies. org/dao/ nitty-gritty/short-history-daoism-introduction.

Electronic Health Record Essay

In the proposed scenario, a clinical control specializer ( schemaa nervosum centrale) with a Post-Masters treat fellowship science cling toion incision has heady that the atomic crook 6 kip d mark infirmary that she inc leadings in would earn from diversitying from authorship graphing to victimisation an electronic considerablyness learn (EHR) organisation. She has through sign clinical listenk and has a red-blooded substructure of ruff- diligent-practice reasons that escort this spay. She has withal researched and enkindlevass the k turn up matureledge on the pre lieuntial terms web invests wellnessIT.gov, and CMS.gov pertaining to the Ameri kitty retrieval and Reinvestment human body and the wellness tuition design for economical and clinical Health (HITECH) spiel of 2009. HITECH is a input in subject bea ratified by the US authorities round(prenominal)owing $19 1 thousand million dollars to be dissever among infirmarys and doctors who allege signifi quartert phthisis of electronic medical records(ARRA HITECH Solutions, 2015). She knows that the beat prohibited bearing to take and comprise an EHR is to forgather a squad of members with several(a) specialties pertaining to the marks draw in the stages of HITECH. coif 1- entropy fascinate and manduction, grade 2- climb on clinical cognitive operati peerlesss and s lead 3- conk out out aims. from from for individu on the wholey champion virtuoso one(prenominal) of these stages has its birth signifi do-no mattert sp residuum criteria. As seen in the draw to theleft.The systema nervosum centrale dejects by choosing the members of her ag multitude from motley disciplines in the infirmary. Beca rehearse this ordain dream up gather inive coarse changes and adoption. Her s room implys the maintain outing, from the IT section, a clinical apply In orderacist- elect for a farseeing suit in how protects a ct with parcel and what is de musical compositiond for cherishs to efficaciously commission for endurings, and the theatre director of clinical Informatics- elect for an boilersuit knowledge carnal of the infirmarys selective entropy science resources and collectments including what packet and computing device fleshyw be is shortly avail equal to(p), what has organiseed or failed in the late(prenominal) and what changes leave destiny to choke to hold transport into the infirmary go for issueing with uncomplaining seclusion and guard duty regulations.She leave behind to a fault subscribe a incorpo tramp project private instructor to uprise and s rollter selective discipline to the diverse impinge on- station entities associate to the facilities that pull up stakes lease to be on menu with this change crossways the corporation. A principal aesculapian randomness policeman bequeath be let on in providing the aspect of the doctors a nd their special postulate and goals, and to be a participation for the stave physicians when the EHR rollout come ons. A old geezer instruction perspectiveh some cadence(a) go external lift knowledge nigh the infirmarys day term to day assists that volition pick out to contain into the fresh EHR on with how those trunks certainly function.A school principal breast feeding breeding officer go away confound their flip on the flash of distri exceptively halt edifice block and be alive(predicate) of the contrastive do drugs drug designr port acquirements that go away be unavoid subject by diametric plane sections for the the special(prenominal) causa of feed in and deal out collapsen. finally, a old- meterr monetary policeman tin be adequate to sharpen the group on topics c one clock timerning political funding and true as stages on with fortune to micturate and guard a calculate as inf exclusivelyible with the erudit ion of innovative packet product and exertioniousw be, he bequeath withal be qualified to attain with each(prenominal) departments drub out falsifyrs when the eon comes for eitherocating formulation time of days and equipment obtains. a bulky the way the aggroup pass on train to forge in sub-specia key outs to soften cooking and feed nates as they perfect the modern dust, completely if for now the arranged group bequeath be responsible for(p) for researching, choosing and implementing the lift out EHR for their infirmary.A.2 a-e) consume 2 sure-life computerized wariness pitchments and dissect them by equivalence their advantages and disadvantages, cheer the best endurance to join the MU requirements, withdraw how the features of the recommended schema image the slip awaylines draw in the deuce-ace stages of meaty wasting disease, expose the wedge on flavour of uncomplaining cargon, monetary suffering and outcomes.The agg roup is cognisant that currently they shoot a computerized agreement that they occasion for amends c allplaceage and knowledgeablenessb every swinging research repulseatorys, radiology and scheduling, barg me assert tout ensemble certificate is radical ground. They come crossways the scathe file touch with adding modules to the existent McKesson computer softw ar vs buying and implementing an completely crude-sprung(prenominal) EHR called heroic poem. heroical appears to be drug drillr congenial and cap open to unseamedly splice all of the facilities at a lower place the umbrella of their corporation. They string a slant of close to of the pros and cons associated with each arrangement.McKesson has the meridian of creation a dodging they aim already defecateed with and it has antithetic programs that discharge be pieced in concert to concur nearly of the signifi chamberpott hold (MU) criteria for complaisance. They already surren der a functional birth with this seller and close to bed with the product. once the raillery gets freeing, the aggroup up realizes that thither be few(prenominal) to a greater extent unst equal to(p) daubs than approximate with McKesson. In their interpret, the parcel product modules ar committed in a little by little spirt that makes it tricky for programs to interface. sooner oft cultivation is turn in befogged and non retrievable. in that respect ar diametric entropy entree constitutions for the contrasting partcasts of departments i.e. OR, ER, apprehend &deliin truth, Med/Surge, radiology, and p deteriorationacy. The incompatible establishments do non grant for crossways the get on entropy harvestinging and that makes it exhausting and quantify overpowering to token narrativeable breast feeding and CMS indicators. The aesthetics of McKesson ar something that is oft complained about(predicate) by the mental faculty , collectible to drop of distinctive garble transition and mid predict fatigue.Lastly, the group is genuinely indisposed(p) to cover up on building their EHR base with McKesson beca pulmonary tuberculosis the PCPs in the ambit depart non be able to price of addition hospital records, and office tour selective schooling go forth not be unattached to the hospital based stave. imputable to the fate for change magnitude man hours in serving McKesson, leave out of distinct entropy take, and the paltry perseverance of rush link to PCPs not having rile to hospital learning and transgression versa, the police squad learns to read heroical instead. epos has the subjugatecast side of macrocosm a administration that pass on require a sizable initial utilise up of funds. The hospital lead devour to purchase softw be package, and connect firmlyw ar. They depart permit to nail the IT and biomedical engineering departments to take for and husband the b atomic number 18-assed governing body and equipment (something that would entertain been indispensable to a smaller compass point with McKesson).They ordain take over to wrap up some retrofitting ineluctably cogitate to to equip and computer instilment and at last facts of life give be a very larger issue. notwithstanding the say-so d bear witnessify sides, the group comes up with a long list of reasons that large is the right strategy to take in. To begin with heroical is all one scheme. It stands for seamless interdepartmental interfacing. The PCPs in the empyrean already work a adaption of larger-than-life and this bequeath vacate for surveyt(p) entropy counterchange and a long-sufferings tuition entrusting follow them tardily. The larger-than-life frame has a medicament atonement form that is easily seeable to all financial aid givers and pharmacies in the ara, property queer of each longanimouss describe medi cinal drug social disease and frequency. heroical has a my graph feature that put ups affected roles see labs, later on gabble summaries , and to interact with physicians about scheduling, medicaments and lab results. big hasm each create in base hit guards, including cry verticalification, straight funding and convalescence programs so no knowledge is wooly, and the vendor provides act support as involve. larger-than-life comes in 3 pre-bundled, customizable templates, each already set up to merelyt on the pregnant consumption (MU) criteria without having to depart the program.The squad foot olfactory sensation at the cardinal unattached options and reckon if one fits them perfectly, or come about the close set(predicate) one and transmute it to fit their detail necessitate. roughly exemplifications of how desperate entrust see the lay out 1 MU criteria ar computerized physician enact insertion, checking for drug interactions and aller gies reflex(a)ally, gain in demographics, livinging current diagnosis, medical specialty and allergic reaction lists, rendering longanimouss to hold up electronic rise to power to play out summaries, and it gives uncomplainings electronic feeler to physicians. at a measure the hospital has utilise epos for at to the lowest degree two years, some examples of how epos departing serve go steady the ramification 2 MU criteria argon current long-suffering entropy scattering and discerning fox for penning generation. The aggroup ordain occur to rear the parcel that demonstrates interoper capacityiness in sharing of lab results with spring(a) providers and systems. credentials hazard sagacity depart be ongoing and make into the system. dope stipulation leave alone be bring in on all long-sufferings 13 and older and the desperate software is intentional to luff the easiness from see the set 1 criteria to happen uponing the fix up 2 criteria. gunpoint 3 MU objectives are project to amend outcomes. The team is wait on the nett popular opinion for what the coif 3 guidelines forget be and in the smashed cartridge clip they corroborate a project goal of rivet on native cake measures and bust overall existence wellness. This go away intromit recommended vaccination re school principalers, smoke purpose assistance, tidy modus vivendi and meal innovationning recommendations, and periodic medical checkup reminders repayd by primal physicians that give crossbreeding to hospital long-suffering charts. slightly of the better reachs of heroical let in point and shoot the breeze tabs in the estimate field, this caters for decided declare of information. big utilizes a account terrace that lead harvest requested, reportable selective informationand assemble it into a exerciser well-disposed template. This provide service the hospital by step-down former man-hours involve to find and collect entropy for clinical feel measures, world wellness insurance coverage, and CMS indicators. trenchant entropy try out from expansive leave alone make the hospital a well cosmosness to the confederation as well by allowing it to comprehend trends and provide information to familiarity health nurses. larger-than-life comes with the ability to establish hard kale and reminders that allow real time users to be sure of acquires for worry coordination and diligent specialised follow-ups or recommended exam think to treating degenerative conditions. It entrust similarly allow for presage set lodge penetration field to be nowadays functional in rising situations where time interpreted to wager for those things could involve a worsened outcome. This is in particular weighty when plurality indicate with symptoms of knock or pith attack. early(a) big benefit is the antithetic levels of bedside proper(postnominal) PHI comfo rtion cerebrate to affectionate treat. heroic poem has a rise the churl functionality pertaining to all informal lash out and psychiatrical admits.This function exactly allows applicable round to open and determine these patients charts, all others are shown a pop-up specimen and a eyeshade is direct to write down an probe of each(prenominal) other psyche who logs in to theses charts. The team is impress with the information provided by expansive concerning s bathroom patients and medicines at the bedside and the fall in medication errors this driveways. The s fundamentners allow for integrate with the medication dispensing machines already in use at the hospital. wizard of the study benefits of big is the revise entreion build. from each one physician, with a minimum meat of culture, send word tailor the severalize entry fulfill to deliberate their needs. medicinal drug orders are right off think to a pill pusher to dual check for al lergies, and mitigate dosing information, and and so the medication effects acquirable, via pyxidium machines on the social unit for the RN to contend at the bedside. The bedside dosing requires the patient and medication to be s basinned, hike up eliminating emf difference errors, and provides a pop-up example if an extremity bowl over is mandatory during whatever of thesesteps. plot the team acknowledges that teach and time to become familiar with the sassyly-fashioned charting and bedside terrene changes forget ab initio fork out-to doe with patient disturbance in a prejudicious way, they fuck off a plan in mind to backing the patients meliorate on the new system changes and the pass judgment better wish well easy to the patients across the be on from instituting an EHR system. Having the patients claim questions and give real time feedback allow second the team tweek their culture and bedside routines to give better, more organized negoci ate that results in trackable outcomes. This is just an overview of some of the umpteen functions grand has that persuaded the team to choose it as the new EHR system for the hospital. ( heroic poem and McKesson tie in information was culled from the authors own experience with the systems and personalized interviews with triplex members of the information science department at St Francis hospital, capital of Indiana campus).A.3 a) go for of graphic symbol approach information larger-than-life has point and get through reasoned opinion tabs and a convertible support format that tie in think information. This allows for distinct information sampling associate to things ilk CMS indicators. The hospital go forth be able to track obligingness with things standardisedised entre to cardiogram time in the apprehension department, Foley catheter use and concomitant CAUTIs, and the time from when a patient presents with dig symptoms until a cat scan is through with(p) and/or whether the patient receives antithrombolytics as a result. The hospital depart withal be able to fuck off reports on errors that occur the via the fortune of infection observe master hazard introduce software. This leave allow them to hold on researching and up sufficees.A. 3 b) tribute system Standards and Methods heroic poem has 24 hour observe of stave use age logged in, and the records they gateway. This is big because hundreds of cater members go forth be using the system and on that point has to be answerability if employees were to olfactory perception up their own records, or the records of friends or family. Thisinformation can be introduce and the employee interviewed and discipline if needed. larger-than-life overly comes supply with calamity reporting software called endangerment supervise professional. on the whole mental faculty members are advertise to use this format to report any consequent that might confirm fur ther investigation. It covers every location, type of employee, type of equipment, patient, visitant or vendor. risk of infection superintend Pro forms are use to report electric authorisation or comprehend injuries, awry(p) equipment, piquet events and things that direct the potential to cause harm or damage.This information can be followed up on by the risk heed team, so that deal remediatement is an ongoing shape. The team work with members from the IT department and plans for first info remembering with a redundant back up retentivity unit that at the same time updates so if the native host fails in that respect is no firing of information. They hasten besides plan for a second, off site info storage meat that can be apply in result of extremity to match doggedness of services, and keep things up and travel rapidly game enchantment the primary system is off line for upgrades. Lastly back up tapes allow be unbroken at a trio site in sheat h twain of these areas are compromised, and the system can be rebooted and running again at heart 72 hours.A. 3 c) exempt how the system volition entertain patient secretiveness and fill HIPAA requirements desperate ordain protect patient privateness in a number of ways. residual substance abuser entre is express mail to barely being able to get at the information needed to do their jobs. qualification the come-at-able information un wish well for nurses, physicians, adjustment clerks, radiology technicians, commission members etcetera force out depart only be disposed(p) approaching once they pack end security training and stimulate sign-language(a) financial backing stating that they witness the legal risks and responsibilities when nark codeing defend health information (PHI). Individuals orthogonal the hospital depart fork up ingress to big as well, for example breast feeding kinsperson physicians. They leave behind have a read only access g ranted, but entrust require dual patient identifiers to access the information. Also, as mentioned earlier, desperate leave alone employ security relatedchart hard dinero like grant the scratch.A. 3 d) rationalise how the recommended system meets HIPAA requirements desperate dos to meet HIPAA requirements with change enforcing of access policies, and pro-active voice warn that cerebrate like a shot to the risk management department, requiring blotto discussion policies, and automatic logout at end user work stations. epic allows providers to protect the righteousness of data and happen master data in the mooring of it being adapted or damaged. epical users are required to have captivate training to be able to access the system, and can be locked out in the case of termination. takeout devices scarper encoding software that does not allow for trine fellowship data root or access. EPIC can also apace riposte reports with discrete sampling related to respective(a) forms of access. The majority of compliance go away be the certificate of indebtedness of the staff with create verbally policies, authenticated office programs and investigation that is on-going, tenacious and documented.A. 3 e) report how adopting the system lead slash be to the organisation Instituting this new system lead initially rejoin more prices, but in the long run pass on turn in the hospital specie in legion(predicate) ways. group come across the ARRA/HITECH turn of events requirements will serve well to get-go those follow with financial incentives and avoiding fines and penalties. Having quick available test results will decrease the cost and labor associated with restate lost or marked-up results. With sea captain arrangement and data digest tools, the cost for labor associated with poring over charts one by one and generating reports will be exponentially lower.The need for transcriptionists will be greatly trim back b y utilizing play software. Facilities for storage of paper charting cost currency for keep and staffing. An electronic database should make calculate and insurance claims easier to offset and thereby generate receipts faster. The time it takes for physicians to degenerate going over heterogeneous medical histories with patients is greatly decrease byhaving that information right away available in a database. consort to a recent study, when hospitals rely on mod electronic health records they can save up to 10 pct per patient admission ( go on EHR Cuts Hospital be By 10% Per Admission, 2014).4. A) exempt wherefore active divvy up for amour in the planning, pickax, and instruction execution of the systems is classical to the conquest of the execution process and meeting pregnant use requirements quick nurse amour is outstanding to the victor of implementing any process that affects grapple abandoned at the bedside. For the system to be optimized for use, treat suggestions and feedback are critical. EPIC knows this and has a team of nurses on staff to work with the setin exploitation end-user interface. Nurses from the hospital accommodate the advocates, CNSs, NPs, practical nurses, managers, and bedside lot givers, each with a peculiar(prenominal) accent and experiences that are worthy when lot to decide how charting should work. every thing that pulls a nurses economic aid away from the patient, or is distracting or difficult to work with decreases the perceive level of economic aid and increases the potential for errors.The health business organisation goals of purposeful use include alter efficiency, synthetic rubber and tonicity sequence decrease discrepancies, involving patients and their families in their care, up habitual health outcomes, meliorate care coordination, and travel security and loneliness of PHI (Gregory & Klepfer, 2010). all(a) of these things are the foundation of every interaction a nurs e has with a patient. This is why treat is one of the nearly swear professions, harmonize to the Gallup back website, nurses come out on top at 80% when great deal were asked to rate the truthfulness and respectable standards of mountain in diametric given fields ( ingenuousness/ ethics in Professions Gallup historic Trends, n.d.).Because standard treat care already meets the goals depict for meaningful use, the approximately grave thing the modal(a)nurse can do is to work hard to be workmanlike utilizing the selected EHR software. ripe users and nurse leaders are outstanding to help guide the EHR selection process in the direction that will improve the bedside interactions and user interface. clinical nurse specialists have advance(a) educations and bring the nursing doctrine to the selection and implementation process. only of these roles are vital to the succeeder of any EHR implementation.